The Charting Crisis

Half of fluid balance charts are never completed.

The ones that are? 25–35% contain calculation errors large enough to mask kidney injury—errors reaching up to 2,405 mL. Only 12% of patients ordered for I/O monitoring actually had documentation. BedSync replaces manual charting with voice and vision capture—speak it, scan it, sync it to the EHR.

See the Clinical Evidence → How it Works
Validated by 91 Clinicians in field research.
BedSync app showing real-time fluid balance tracking on iPhone
The Current Standard

Why Manual Tracking Fails.

It’s not just slow. It’s clinically inaccurate. The current paper-to-EHR workflow introduces multiple points of failure.

📉

Barely Documented, Wildly Inaccurate

Only 12% of patients with a clinical indication for fluid monitoring actually had documentation (Alexander & Allen, 2011). 75% of patients actively developing AKI had incomplete fluid records (Joslin et al., 2015). When charts do exist, errors range up to 2,405 mL cumulative, with 5.8% of charts off by more than 2,000 mL (Davies et al., 2014). Across 18 studies, more than half found ≤50% chart completion—even after interventions, only 5 of 13 studies reached 75%.

Systematic Review, PMC 2023 McLister et al., 2022 Jeyapala et al., BMJ Open Quality

Dangerous Lag

Nurses spend 40% of their shift on documentation and 35% interacting with the EHR. Fluid data is often batched at end-of-shift, meaning physicians make decisions on stale data.

Voice-enabled clinical documentation has been shown to reduce charting time by 50% and complete notes 3× faster than keyboard entry—yet no existing solution applies this to fluid balance specifically.

U.S. Surgeon General, 2022 Moy et al., JAMIA 2024 Nuance Data Sheet, 2024 Polaris Market Research, 2024
🧠

Error-Ridden When They Exist

25–35% of all fluid balance charts contain calculation errors or significant omissions. Cumulative errors reach up to 2,405 mL—enough to completely mask developing kidney injury. Only 28% of charts were complete before dysnatraemia, and 37% had no fluid balance calculation at all (Herrod et al., 2010). The EHR Flowsheets module scores just 62.13 on usability (SUS), with 60% of nurses rating it burdensome.

Jeyapala et al., BMJ Open Quality Moy et al., JAMIA 2024
The Solution

Speak. Scan. Sync.

Voice Capture

Push-to-talk fluid logging—hands-free, gloves-on. Say “Room 4, output 350 mL urine, dark amber” and BedSync parses fluid type, volume, patient context, and clinical metadata automatically. No screen, no keyboard, no end-of-shift catch-up. Voice documentation is 3× faster than typing and cuts charting time by 50%.

Nuance Dragon Medical One Data Sheet, 2024
Faster Than Typing
Voice documentation vs. keyboard entry

Camera & Barcode Intelligence

Point your phone at any IV bag, drainage container, or drink for instant volume capture via computer vision (DeepLabV3, ±1.2 mL precision). Barcode scanning cascades through three databases—a local formulary, the FDA GUDID registry for IV fluids, and Open Food Facts for oral products—automatically identifying fluid type, volume, and water equivalents. Barcode verification reduces medication administration errors by 51% and potential adverse events by 41%. The drag-to-fill Slider UI handles everything else—one-handed, zero training.

Poon et al., NEJM, 2010
BedSync camera input and slider UI on iPhone

Writes Back to Your EHR

BedSync isn’t another silo. It integrates directly via Epic Orchard, Cerner (Oracle Health), and other major EHR platforms, pushing verified I/O data straight to the patient’s chart in real-time. No double-charting.

🏥
BedSync → Your EHR
Real-time EHR sync via HL7 & FHIR
The Voice Layer

Fluid Documentation Should Be as Fast as Speaking.

Nurses work with gloved hands, moving between rooms, managing multiple patients. The keyboard is the bottleneck. BedSync’s voice layer lets nurses log fluid events the moment they happen—no screen interaction required.

🗣️

Natural Language Parsing

Say it naturally: “Patient 412, 240 mL cranberry juice, 8:15 AM.” BedSync’s NLP engine extracts patient ID, fluid type, volume, and timestamp—then maps cranberry juice to its water equivalent automatically. No rigid commands. No memorized syntax.

📋

Structured Flowsheet Autopopulation

Voice input doesn’t create a free-text note—it populates discrete EHR flowsheet fields. Volume, fluid type, route (oral/IV/output), time, and running balance update in real-time. The data arrives in your EHR structured and queryable, not buried in a note.

🔍

CV Cross-Verification

When precision matters most, voice and vision work together. Nurse says “output 400 mL”—camera confirms the measurement. Two input modes, one source of truth. Discrepancies trigger a verification prompt before data commits to the chart.

Faster than keyboard documentation
Nuance, 2024
50%
Reduction in time spent charting
Nuance Customer Surveys, 2024
$21.7B
Voice tech in healthcare market by 2032
Polaris Market Research, 2024

No one else is applying voice intelligence to fluid balance. Dragon Copilot, Commure, and Aiva handle general nursing documentation. BedSync is the only platform combining voice capture with fluid-specific NLP, I/O conversion logic, and AKI risk staging.

Workflow Intelligence

15 Clinical Features. Zero New Hardware.

BedSync doesn’t just capture data—it turns fluid documentation into a real-time clinical intelligence layer. Every feature was designed with nurses, validated against peer-reviewed evidence, and built to run on a standard smartphone.

📷 Computer Vision & Barcode Scanning

FDA GUDID IV Lookup

Scan any IV bag barcode and BedSync queries the FDA Global Unique Device Identification Database in real-time—automatically identifying Normal Saline, Lactated Ringer’s, D5W, and other IV crystalloids with manufacturer, volume, and water content. No manual selection. No memorized product codes.

51% fewer potential adverse drug events with barcode-verified medication administration.

Poon et al., NEJM, 2010

Open Food Facts Oral Lookup

Scan a juice box, broth container, or nutritional supplement and BedSync pulls product data from the Open Food Facts database—computing water equivalents from macronutrient composition. A 240 mL cranberry juice is ~213 mL of actual water intake. BedSync calculates this automatically.

Only 27% of visual fluid estimates by nurses fall within a 10% error margin.

McLister et al., PMC, 2022

Cascading Lookup Chain

Three-tier identification: Local formulary → FDA GUDID → Open Food Facts. The system tries each source in sequence, with graceful fallback to manual entry. Works offline via local cache, syncs when connected. Every scan result shows its source for full transparency.

Barcode scanning reduces pump programming time by over 80%.

Shah et al., PMC, 2016

KDIGO AKI Staging & Early Warning

Real-Time KDIGO 2012 Staging

BedSync continuously calculates AKI stage from urine output data using the KDIGO 2012 criteria—Stage 1 (<0.5 mL/kg/hr for 6h), Stage 2 (<0.5 for 12h), Stage 3 (<0.3 for 24h or anuria for 12h). Color-coded badges on every patient card give charge nurses instant ward-wide visibility.

Mortality odds increase 4.3× at Stage 1 and up to 60× at Stage 3 vs. no AKI.

Kellum et al., Kidney International, 2019

Pre-Alert Early Warning

BedSync goes beyond standard KDIGO staging with a proprietary pre-alert system. When urine output drops to 0.5–0.7 mL/kg/hr for 3+ hours—below normal but above Stage 1 criteria—the system flags the patient as “At Risk” with an amber warning. This extends the intervention window by hours.

UO changes signal AKI 2.4–46 hours before creatinine rises.

Willner et al., Critical Care Explorations

Hourly UO Trend Chart

A 12-hour bar chart on every patient detail screen shows hourly urine output with a KDIGO threshold line (personalized to the patient’s weight). Bars are color-coded: blue (normal), yellow (below threshold), gray (no documentation). Stale gaps are immediately visible.

Electronic AKI alerts show a 6% overall reduction in in-hospital mortality; before-and-after studies show up to 19%.

JAMA Network Open, 2024

Workflow Automation

Shift-Based Balance Periods

Toggle between 24-hour, Day Shift (07:00–19:00), and Night Shift (19:00–07:00) views. Intake and output totals recalculate instantly for the selected period. No more mental math converting 24-hour balances to shift handoff values.

Shift Handoff Summary

One-tap shareable report showing current shift balance with intake/output by subtype, 24-hour running total, KDIGO status, UO rate, fluid restriction progress, and weight. Generated in seconds—replacing the 15–30 minutes nurses spend building handoff notes manually.

Quick Log from Dashboard

Long-press any patient card for a quick-entry sheet: Water Cup (240 mL), Juice Box (240 mL), Ice Chips (120 mL), Urine (200/400 mL), Emesis (100 mL). Log a fluid event in under 2 seconds without leaving the ward overview.

Active IV Infusion Tracker

Set an IV rate and BedSync auto-accumulates volume over time—no manual re-entry every hour. Bag progress bars show percentage remaining. Stop an infusion with one tap. Accumulated totals roll into the patient’s intake balance automatically.

Escalating Stale Alerts

Graduated documentation alerts at 2, 4, and 6 hours since the last fluid entry. Yellow → orange → red. Visible on both the dashboard and patient detail. Customizable per-patient for post-surgical or high-acuity patients who need more frequent monitoring.

Customizable Per-Patient Thresholds

Set patient-specific alert thresholds for positive/negative balance, minimum UO rate, and documentation staleness. Overrides ward defaults for patients who need tighter monitoring—post-surgical, sepsis, heart failure, or any patient on a restricted protocol.

📊 Clinical Intelligence

Fluid Restriction Monitoring

Progressive color-coded bar tracks intake against restriction orders: blue → yellow (75%) → orange (90%) → red (100%). Warning text escalates as the patient approaches the limit. No more manual calculation of remaining allowance.

Insensible Loss Estimation

Automatic calculation using the Holliday-Segar method, adjusted for fever (+10% per °C above 37), intubation (−150 mL), and open wounds (+200 mL). Displayed alongside measured I/O for a more complete fluid balance picture.

Output Subtype Breakdown

Color-coded horizontal bar showing urine vs. drain vs. emesis vs. stool vs. blood loss as proportional segments. Nurses and physicians see output composition at a glance—not just a single total number.

Cumulative Balance Trend

12-hour cumulative balance chart on every patient. Hourly data points show the trajectory of fluid balance over time—not just snapshots. Trending positive? Trending negative? The visual makes it immediately obvious.

Weight Tracking

Log patient weight directly from the detail screen. Weight history feeds into KDIGO UO rate calculations (mL/kg/hr) and insensible loss estimates. A trigger auto-updates the patient record on each new entry.

Sortable Ward Overview

Sort the dashboard by room number, net balance, or documentation staleness. Charge nurses see the most concerning patients first. Balance sorting surfaces patients with the most extreme fluid imbalances; staleness sorting surfaces patients who haven’t been documented recently.

12%
of patients with clinical indication actually had fluid documentation
Of 18 studies reporting completeness, 10 found ≤50% of charts complete. Only 12% had 24-hour totals; 75% of patients developing AKI had incomplete records. Systematic Review, 2023 · Alexander & Allen, 2011 · Joslin et al., 2015
95%
of nurses say fluid balance is managed poorly
PMC Quality Improvement, 2020
40%
of each nursing shift spent on documentation
AACN, 2024
The Clinical Stakes

What Inaccurate Fluid Data Costs.

Fluid balance is the earliest signal of patient decline. When that data is estimated, batched, or wrong, clinicians lose the window to intervene.

57.3%
of ICU Patients Develop AKI
With a mortality rate of 25.7% vs. 4.9% for those without. Urine Output is the earliest biomarker—but only if it’s documented accurately. Hoste et al., Intensive Care Medicine, 2015
2.4–46 hrs
Early Detection Window
Urine Output changes can signal AKI hours before Creatinine rises. Inaccurate charting closes this window entirely. Willner et al., Critical Care Explorations
$7,933+
Per AKI Episode
Incremental cost per patient, driven by extended stays and dialysis. Nationally, hospital-acquired AKI costs $5.4–$24B annually. Silver et al., J. Hospital Medicine, 2017
The Business Case

The Financial Case for Clinical Accuracy.

When you solve the clinical problem, the financial ROI follows. Precise fluid tracking isn’t just a safety measure—it’s a cost containment strategy.

  • $61,110 to replace one nurse

    RN turnover is at 18.4%. The average hospital loses $3.9–$5.7M annually to turnover driven by documentation burnout. NSI Staffing Report, 2025

  • Reduced “Ghost Overtime”

    Nurses stay 30–60 min past every shift to finish charting. By eliminating the 35% of shift time spent on EHR documentation, BedSync reclaims time for direct patient care. Moy et al., JAMIA 2024

  • 50% less documentation time with voice

    Clinical speech recognition reduces charting time by half compared to keyboard entry. For a 200-bed hospital where nurses spend 40% of each shift documenting, that’s thousands of reclaimed nursing hours per year—redirected to direct patient care. Nuance Dragon Medical One Data Sheet, 2024

BedSync logo

Ready to pilot?

We are selecting partner hospitals for our 2026 pilot program. Lead with patient safety.

Contact the Founders

Cited Sources

  1. Poon EG, et al. “Effect of Bar-Code Technology on the Safety of Medication Administration.” N Engl J Med. 2010;362(18):1698-1707. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa0907115
  2. Kellum JA, et al. “Classifying AKI by Urine Output versus Serum Creatinine Level.” Kidney International. 2019;96(4):989-997. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2019.04.021
  3. Willner D, et al. “Early Detection of AKI via Urine Output.” Critical Care Explorations. 2021. doi:10.1097/CCE.0000000000000412
  4. Silver SA, et al. “Cost of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Patients.” J Hospital Medicine. 2017;12(2):70-76. doi:10.12788/jhm.2683
  5. Hoste EAJ, et al. “Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: the multinational AKI-EPI study.” Intensive Care Medicine. 2015;41:1411-1423.
  6. McLister A, et al. “Accuracy of Fluid Volume Measurements by Nurses.” PMC. 2022. PMC8859054
  7. Jeyapala S, et al. “Evaluation of a Real-Life Experience with Digital Fluid Balance Monitoring Technology.” BMJ Open Quality. doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002260
  8. “Quality of Fluid Balance Charting: A Systematic Review.” PMC. 2023. PMC10729040
  9. “Quality Improvement Project: Barriers to Accurate Fluid Status Monitoring.” PMC. 2020. PMC7243574
  10. Shah K, et al. “Bar Code Medication Administration Technology: A Systematic Review.” PMC. 2016. PMC5085324
  11. Barakat S, et al. “Effect of Implementing BCMA in an Emergency Department.” ScienceDirect. 2020. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2020.06.012
  12. Moy AJ, et al. “Time Spent on EHR Documentation.” JAMIA. 2024. PMC11491602
  13. “Electronic Alert Systems for AKI: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” JAMA Network Open. 2024. JAMA Network Open
  14. U.S. Surgeon General. “Addressing Health Worker Burnout.” 2022. HHS Advisory
  15. “Nursing Documentation Burden: A Critical Problem to Solve.” AACN. 2024. AACN Blog
  16. NSI Nursing Solutions. “2025 National Health Care Retention & RN Staffing Report.” NSI Report
  17. Davies A, et al. “Completeness and accuracy of fluid balance charts.” Clinical Medicine. 2017;17(Suppl 3):s16. (Only 12% had 24-hour totals before intervention; 36% had 6-hour output subtotals.)
  18. Davies A, et al. “Cumulative fluid balance errors.” 2014. (Errors up to 2,405 mL cumulative; 5.8% of charts off by >2,000 mL.)
  19. Alexander M, Allen S. “Fluid balance monitoring in patients with clinical indication.” 2011. (Only 12% of indicated patients had documentation.)
  20. Joslin J, et al. “Fluid balance charts in acute kidney injury.” 2015. (Only 25% had completed charts on the first day of AKI.)
  21. Herrod PJJ, et al. “Fluid balance chart completeness before dysnatraemia.” 2010. (28% complete; 37% had no balance calculation.)